Talking Cotton? Organic Cotton is the King, and How to Choose the Best Cotton Explained

I’ve always known one way or another that my sister loves cotton-based clothing for the gym and other fitness related activities. Yet, it was on the day she rejected my latest gift to her — a pair of yoga pants of which were not cotton, which cemented it in stone. In fact, she not only rejected the gift, but flat out refused to even try them on. It was a bit of a shock and, thus, I am now fully confident that she actually wears strictly cotton for fitness.

Keeping my interaction with my sister in mind, we cannot debate that majority of us in fact prefer plastic based fiber byproducts as opposed to ones produced from cotton. Why? Just picture the soft and comfortable feel of a cotton towel against bare skin – a touch which feels luxurious with absorbent properties, compared with plastic fiber that leaves your skin moist, which is not only coarse but also lacking absorbency. Or think about getting into a fresh and comfortable cotton sheet bed that screams breathability, rather than waking up during the night all sweaty and hot tangled in plastic fiber sheets.

When we think cotton, many of us imagine the heart of the countryside where the sun-kissed landscape stretches as far as the eye can see. On the rich fields lies a serene and bountiful expanse of organic cotton which seems to glow, for their whiteness is practically blinding. These fields display a mesmerizing tableau of undulating waves of not just white, but lush greenery. Each cotton plant stands proudly, reaching up towards the sky, with leaves that dance in the gentle breeze as the sun caresses the cotton bolls. Where the fields seem to hum with life lies a harmonious ecosystem where butterflies flit from flower to flower and bees engage in a delicate ballet of pollination. Despite this alluring and seemingly too-good-to-be-true beauty, cotton production has a very controversial background. With cotton production comes environmental and sustainability concerns, as well as social justice imbalances. But there is hope here, and all of us are part of this hope. Our collective implication into this field as we pay attention to details related to cotton, from cultivation to the final product, is going to turn a page for the better. 

My sister’s choices got me looking more closely into cotton-based products. I began research about how sustainable cotton-made products are made, and how to choose them wisely. I stumbled upon a lot of information and was surprised to see how much buzz cotton farming has in the textile production. What stood out to me was the phrases below from a very trustable source, WWF:

“Approximately half of all textiles are made of cotton.

Cotton is the most widespread profitable non-food crop in the world. Its production provides income for more than 250 million people worldwide and employs almost 7% of all labor in developing countries.” Cotton | Industries | WWF (worldwildlife.org)

Analyzing Cotton’s Sustainability vs. Plastic Materials’

So, I started thinking: is cotton more sustainable and environmentally friendly than other options out there? I began looking into cotton-made material vs. synthetic material (polyester, nylon, acrylic, polypropylene, and spandex) to find out how much more sustainable one is when compared to the other. If someone is sustainably conscious, they should look at the materials the products are made of, so they are making a choice based on the sustainability of the products and their impact on the environment. There are pros and cons regarding one or the other, and you will soon find out that Organic Cotton is the King.

But first let’s compare cotton and plastic made materials. Cotton is a natural fiber derived from the cotton plant, making it a renewable resource. Being a renewable resource means that is a natural source that can be regenerated over time either through natural processes or human intervention. Resources like these are considered sustainable because their use does not lead to depletion or exhaustion, as they can be renewed within a relatively short period. In contrast, non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be easily replaced on a human timescale. Most plastic fibers are derived from petroleum-based sources, contributing to dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels.

Cotton is also a biodegradable material, meaning it breaks down naturally over time in landfills which can be broken down into simpler compounds – ultimately returning to the environment without causing harm. These materials are typically decomposed by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or other living organisms.

Biodegradable materials play a crucial role in reducing environmental impact, as they can be broken down more easily compared to non-biodegradable materials. It’s important to note that not all materials labeled as biodegradable are environmentally friendly, as the speed and conditions under which they break down can vary, but this is another story, a story where a much deeper analysis needs to be done.

Plastic-fibers are not biodegradable and can instead persist in the environment for a long time, and when that happens, they contribute to pollution. On the other hand, when a cotton towel is discarded in a trash field it’s going to degrade over time.

Regarding environmental issues for plastic-based material, the problem is that they shed microplastics. During washing plastic fibers shed, and these microplastics can enter water systems and have a negative effect on aquatic ecosystems. Plastic fibers, such as those found in synthetic fabrics like polyester and nylon, cause friction during the washing process and thus can lead to the release of microplastics. Additionally, as clothes are agitated in the washing machine, especially during the washing and rinsing cycles, the plastic fibers can rub against each other and other materials in the load. This friction causes the fibers to break down and shed tiny particles. Once released, these microplastics, which are tiny plastic particles measuring less than 5 millimeters, can enter wastewater systems. Due to their small size, they may not be effectively filtered out during wastewater treatment processes, leading to their potential release into rivers, oceans, and other water bodies. This has raised concerns about the environmental impact of microplastics, as they can accumulate in aquatic ecosystems and potentially harm marine life. Marine organisms, such as fish and shellfish, may ingest these particles and can have cascading effects on marine ecosystems, impacting both aquatic life and the predators that rely on them. Furthermore, microplastics can accumulate in sediments and other habitats, affecting the health of various ecosystems beyond waters. Microplastics can act as carriers for harmful chemicals and pollutants. The surfaces of microplastic particles may attract and concentrate pollutants from the surrounding water, and when ingested by organisms, these pollutants can be transferred into the food chain.

Conventional (non-organic) cotton farming can be water-intensive, and this causes concern that production of cotton can be detrimental in the areas where water is scarce. In comparison, the production of synthetic fibers generally requires less water compared to growing and processing cotton.  Conventional cotton farming also often involves the use of pesticides, which can have environmental and health implications.

In summary, both cotton and plastic fibers have environmental and social considerations to look at. The choice between them depends on specific sustainability priorities, such as biodegradability, resource use, and the desire to support renewable or non-renewable sources. Many sustainable initiatives focus on improving practices in both cotton and plastic fiber industries to mitigate their respective environmental impacts.

Regarding cotton, of which is so widely used in textile industry, we thankfully have a better option, and this is organic cotton. Organic and sustainable cotton whose farming practices can reduce the environmental impact associated with conventional cotton cultivation, as well as eliminating the use of pesticides. So, if you like cotton, or you have concerns about environmentally and sustainable issues, you should definitely consider the organic cotton as much as possible in any purchase that you make. The cultivation of organic cotton emphasizes sustainability, biodiversity, and the responsible use of resources, as well as organic cotton cultivation takes in consideration the social aspect of cotton production.

Organic Cotton’s Supremacy in Sustainable Practices

Although the world of cotton production is dominated by China, India and the US, cotton is vital for the survival of many low-income countries in Central and West Asia and Africa. In accordance with Fair Trade Foundation cotton production accounts for 26.4% of Benin’s exports and 58.7% of Burkina Faso’s. “Cotton farmers in lower income countries,” it writes, “including leading producers like India and China, live in hardship. As many as a 100 million rural households – 90 percent of them in lower income countries – are directly engaged in cotton production, relying on it for their income. An estimated 350 million people work in the cotton sector when family labor, farm labor and workers in connected services such as transportation, ginning, baling, and storage are taken into account.” – Fair Trade Foundation. So, paying attention to what cotton-based product we are buying, and what the certifications for the product are, has an impact on the lives of so many people that have their livelihood directly and tightly connected with cotton production.

Why is organic cotton the better option?

Organic cotton is grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers. Instead, natural methods like crop rotation and insect predators are employed to manage pests. Organic cotton is grown from non-genetically modified (non-GMO) seeds, promoting biodiversity and avoiding the potential environmental and health risks associated with genetically modified organisms. The use of GMOs, on the other hand, raises concerns related to biodiversity, environmental impact, and potential health risks.

Organic cotton farming emphasizes sustainable practices such as soil health management, water conservation, and biodiversity preservation. It aims to minimize the environmental impact of cotton cultivation. Organic cotton farming prioritizes soil health by avoiding the use of synthetic chemicals that can degrade soil quality. It often involves practices such as composting and cover cropping. Furthermore, while not all organic cotton is rain-fed, some organic cotton farms prioritize water conservation and efficient irrigation methods, reducing the environmental impact associated with water usage in cotton cultivation. Organic cotton farming often involves crop rotation, a practice that helps maintain soil health and reduces the risk of pests and diseases associated with continuous monoculture.

The cherry on the cake is that organic and sustainable cotton farming practices often utilize fair labor practices. The social impact of plastic fiber production involves concerns about the petrochemical industry’s labor practices. Organic and sustainable cotton farming practices often prioritize fair labor practices. The social impact of plastic fiber production involves concerns about the petrochemical industry’s labor practices.

 Organic cotton often comes with a more transparent supply chain, allowing consumers to trace the production processes and verify ethical and sustainable practices. The traceability of organic cotton often takes you back to the heart of the organic cotton fields, to communities of dedicated farmers tilling the soil with a shared vision of sustainable agriculture. You can meet Maria, a seasoned farmer with weathered hands that tell the tale of years spent nurturing the land. Her eyes light up with pride as she speaks of the commitment to organic practices, a legacy she hopes to pass on to future generations. For Maria, each cotton plant is not just a crop but a living testament to her love for the earth.

Alongside Maria there’s Roberto: a young artisan whose hands skillfully weave the fibers into beautiful textiles. His craft is not just a livelihood but a passion that connects him to the very essence of the cotton fields. Roberto dreams of a world where every thread he spins contributes to a sustainable future, where the delicate balance between nature and industry is maintained. In this close-knit community the impact of organic farming extends beyond individual lives. Families come together to plant and harvest, weaving a tapestry of shared aspirations. As the fields flourish under their care, so do the bonds within the community. The rhythm of their work is not just an economic transaction but a symphony of collaboration and shared purpose.

The positive impact of organic cotton farming resonates far beyond the fields and looms. The community takes pride in being custodians of the environment, guardians of a greener tomorrow. With a twinkle in their eyes, they talk about how embracing eco-friendly practices have not only enriched the soil but also elevated their sense of purpose. The laughter of children playing amidst the cotton plants echoes the hope that this sustainable way of life will endure for generations to come.

As the artisans weave their dreams into the fabric and the farmers nurture the land with unwavering dedication, the story of organic cotton farming becomes a celebration of human connection, shared dreams, and the transformative power of sustainable practices. In the fields and workshops, individuals find not just a source of income but a profound sense of fulfillment, knowing that their choices ripple outward, leaving a positive impact on the world they call home.

Certificatons that helps you decide over your purchases of Cotton

Several certifications are commonly used to ensure the authenticity and adherence to organic standards in the cultivation and processing of organic cotton. For you, the easiest way to trust a product is to look for third party certification. Many organic cotton products carry certifications from reputable organizations, such as the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) or the Organic Content Standard (OCS), verifying that the cotton meets specific organic standards. Certification in the cotton industry can refer to various types of certifications such as organic, fair trade, or sustainability certifications. These certifications ensure that cotton is produced and processed in a way that meets specific social, environmental, and quality standards. For example, organic cotton certification ensures that the cotton is grown without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. Fair Trade certification ensures that cotton farmers receive fair prices for their produce. Sustainability certifications focus on the environmental and social impact of cotton production. The specific certification requirements and processes can vary depending on the type of certification and the certifying body.

Here are the most widely recognized certifications

1. Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS):

• GOTS is a leading international standard for the processing of textiles made from organic fibers.
• It covers both environmental and social criteria, ensuring that the entire supply chain follows strict organic and sustainable practices.
• GOTS certification is comprehensive, encompassing criteria for both the farming and processing stages.

Third-party certifications, such as the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) and the Organic Content Standard (OCS), play a crucial role in verifying that organic cotton products meet specific organic standards. The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) is one such certification that sets comprehensive and stringent criteria for environmentally and socially responsible textile production. It covers the entire supply chain, from harvesting of raw materials to environmentally friendly and socially responsible manufacturing. By obtaining certifications like GOTS, organic cotton products gain credibility and provide consumers with assurance that they adhere to high standards of environmental and social responsibility. This can be valuable for consumers who prioritize sustainable and ethically produced textiles.

2. Organic Content Standard (OCS):

The OCS verifies the percentage of organic material in a product and can be applied to textiles. It ensures transparency in the organic content of the final product and does not cover processing and manufacturing standards.

3. OEKO-TEX Standard 100:

While not specifically an organic certification, OEKO-TEX Standard 100 ensures that textiles are free from harmful substances. It focuses on the final product rather than the organic farming practices but is crucial for ensuring that the end product is safe for consumers.

4. USDA Organic:

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides organic certification for agricultural products, including cotton. The USDA Organic seal signifies compliance with strict organic farming standards, including the avoidance of synthetic pesticides and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

5. Soil Association Organic Standard:

The Soil Association, based in the UK, provides organic certification for textiles. It ensures that both environmental and social standards are met throughout the production process.

6. Textile Exchange’s Organic Content Standard (OCS):

Textile Exchange offers an Organic Content Standard specific to textiles, focusing on the traceability and verification of organic content in the final product.

7. FairTrade Certificate

The Fairtrade Standards include a range of economic, environmental, and social criteria that must be met by producers and traders in order to acquire or retain Fairtrade certification.

Economic criteria include the Fairtrade Minimum Price which aims to provide producers with a safety net against falling prices and allow long-term planning, along with a fixed Fairtrade Premium that provides farmers and workers with additional money to invest in improving the quality of their businesses and communities. Fairtrade also emphasizes long-term trading partnerships and requires buyers to provide pre-financing to producers who request it, opening access to capital to help stabilize their operations.

Environmental criteria emphasize ecologically and agriculturally sound practices, including responsible water and waste management, preserving biodiversity and soil fertility, and minimal use of pesticides and agrochemicals. Fairtrade prohibits the use of several hazardous materials and all genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Furthermore, Fairtrade does not require organic certification, but organic production is promoted and rewarded by higher Fairtrade Minimum Prices for organically grown products. The absence of a certification does not necessarily mean that a cotton product is not sustainable or trustworthy, but certification can be a helpful indicator for the customer and is the easiest way to identify and trust a product.

Social criteria for small-scale producers include requirements on democratic self-organization (typically in cooperatives), participatory decision-making, transparency, and non-discrimination (including gender equity).

In plantation-type settings where hired labour is the norm, our standards require companies to operate with non-discriminatory employment practices, pay rates equal to or higher than the legal or regional minimum wages, freedom of association and collective bargaining rights for the workforce, safeguards for worker safety and health, and facilities to allow workers to manage the Fairtrade Premium. Forced labour and child labour are prohibited under the Fairtrade Standards.

The absence of a certification does not necessarily mean that a cotton product is not sustainable or organic or trustworthy, but certification can be a helpful indicator for the customer and is the easiest way to identify and trust a product.

Here are five of the most widely recognized certifications’ logos

Here are five of the most widely recognized certifications. Certification in the cotton industry can refer to various types of certifications such as organic, fair trade, or sustainability certifications.